TypeScript 接口定义如下:
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| interface interface_name { }
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需要注意接口不能转换为 JavaScript
。 它只是 TypeScript 的一部分。
实例:
以下实例中,我们定义了一个接口 IPerson,接着定义了一个变量 customer,它的类型是 IPerson。
customer 实现了接口 IPerson 的属性和方法。
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| interface IPerson { firstName:string, lastName:string, sayHi: ()=>string } var customer:IPerson = { firstName:"Tom", lastName:"Hanks", sayHi: ():string =>{return "Hi there"} } console.log("Customer 对象 ") console.log(customer.firstName) console.log(customer.lastName) console.log(customer.sayHi()) var employee:IPerson = { firstName:"Jim", lastName:"Blakes", sayHi: ():string =>{return "Hello!!!"} } console.log("Employee 对象 ") console.log(employee.firstName) console.log(employee.lastName)
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联合类型和接口
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| interface RunOptions { program:string; commandline:string[]|string|(()=>string); }
var options:RunOptions = {program:"test1",commandline:"Hello"}; console.log(options.commandline)
options = {program:"test1",commandline:["Hello","World"]}; console.log(options.commandline[0]); console.log(options.commandline[1]);
options = {program:"test1",commandline:()=>{return "**Hello World**";}}; var fn:any = options.commandline; console.log(fn());
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接口和数组
接口中可以将数组的索引值和元素设置为不同类型,索引值可以是数字或字符串。
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| interface namelist { [index:number]:string } var list2:namelist = ["John",1,"Bran"] interface ages { [index:string]:number } var agelist:ages; agelist["John"] = 15 agelist[2] = "nine"
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接口继承
接口继承就是说接口可以通过其他接口来扩展自己。
Typescript 允许接口继承多个接口。
继承使用关键字 extends
。
单接口继承语法格式:
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| Child_interface_name extends super_interface_name
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多接口继承语法格式:
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| Child_interface_name extends super_interface1_name, super_interface2_name,…,super_interfaceN_name
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继承的各个接口使用逗号 ,
分隔。
单继承实例
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| interface Person { age:number } interface Musician extends Person { instrument:string } var drummer = <Musician>{}; drummer.age = 27 drummer.instrument = "Drums" console.log("年龄: "+drummer.age) console.log("喜欢的乐器: "+drummer.instrument)
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多继承实例
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| interface IParent1 { v1:number } interface IParent2 { v2:number } interface Child extends IParent1, IParent2 { } var Iobj:Child = { v1:12, v2:23} console.log("value 1: "+Iobj.v1+" value 2: "+Iobj.v2)
value 1: 12 value 2: 23
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